Komputer : Memahami Metode DNS Poisoning

Komputer : Memahami Metode DNS Poisoning

Metode penyerangan ke nameserver dengan cara poisoning (memberikan racun) kepada nameserver yang memegang otoriti terhadap sebuah domain. Bagaimana cara memberikan racun kepada nameserver? dan bagaimana dampaknya?

Sebelum kita masuk dalam inti permasalahannya terlebih dahulu kita mengetahui bagaimana proses query terjadi ketika anda melakukan request terhadap sebuah domain. Setidaknya ada 3 nameserver yang akan dikontak ketika anda melakukan reqout domain yang anda inginkan. Ketiga nameserver itu adalah :

1. ISP nameserver
2. Root nameserver
3. Authoritation nameserver.

Misal dalam contoh begini, ketka anda menggunakan program nslookup untuk mencari ip dari domain google.com maka yang akan terjadi program nslookup akan mengirimkan quoery ke nameserver ISP untuk meminta nomor ip dari domain google.com. Selanjutnya nameserver ISP akan meminta petunjuk kepada nameserver induk untuk mencari dimana lokasi nameserver pemegang otoriti domain google.com. Ketika sudah menemukan nameserver pemegang otoriti pemegang domain tersebut, kemudian root nameserver akan membahas query nameserver ISP dengan mengirimkan nama nameserver pemegang otoriti domain. Disini nameserver ISP akan mengirimkan query ke nameserver pemegang query otoriti domain dan nameserver pemegang otoriti akan mengirimkan nomor ip dari google.com ke nameserver ISP Dan kemudian nameserver ISP akan mengirimkan nomor ip ke program nslookup.

Oke selanjutnya bagaimana kalau dalam konteks serangan ke nameserver yang sesungguhnya? Tentu sebelumnya kita akan pelajari terlebih dahulu kelemahan dari program DNS server, misal kita ambil contoh BIND (aplikasi DNS linux/UNIX). Didalam kerjanya BIND meng-generate multi query setiap domain yang sama dalam waktu yang sama juga.

Kesimpulannya seorang attacker bisa membelokkan alamat dari sebuah domain dengan menggunakan metode DNS poisoning dan coba anda bayangkan ketika nameserver diberikan fake information di nameserver yang akibatnya nameserver akan menerjemahkan bahwa domain itu adalah milik attacker atau penyerang. Akibatnya bisa anda perkirakan sendiri, setiap informasi yang dikirim ke domain tersebut akan masuk ke alamat IP attacker san apabila attacker tersebut telah memasang program spoofing yang terpasang dimesinnya berarti ini telah membantu attacker untuk mendapatkan informasi penting seperti login, password bahkan mungkin data-data rahasia.

Komputer : 10 Etika dan Peraturan Dalam Dunia Komputer

Komputer : 10 Etika dan Peraturan Dalam Dunia Komputer

Sekarang ini dalam kehidupan sehari-hari kita sudah tidak dapat lepas lagi dengan yang namanya komputer. Sekarang ini komputer sudah menjadi bagian dalam kehidupan kita yang sudah tidak dapat lagi terlepaskan. Tetapi apakah teman-teman tahu bahwa di dalam dunia komputer ada 10 peraturan dan etika dalam dunia komputer yang harus tetap kita ketahui dan kita laksanakan. Berikut ini 10 etika dan peraturan dalam dunia komputer :

1. Jangan menggunakan komputer untuk merugikan orang lain.
2. Jangan mengganggu pekerjaan komputer orang lain.
3. Jangan mengintai di sekitar file orang lain.
4. Jangan menggunakan conputer untuk mencuri.
5. Jangan menggunakan komputer untuk bersaksi dusta.
6. Jangan menyalin atau menggunakan perangkat lunak berpemilik yang belum dibayar.
7. Jangan menggunakan sumber daya komputer orang lain tanpa otorisasi atau kompensasi yang layak.
8. Jangan menggunakan output intelektual orang lain.
9. Engkau berpikir tentang konsekuensi sosial dari program yang Anda tulis atau sistem Anda merancang.
10. Engkau selalu menggunakan komputer dalam aways yang menunjukkan pertimbangan dan menghormati sesama manusia.

Semoga kita semua dapat mematuhi kode etik yang telah ada agar dapat kita patuhi.

Computer: 10 Computer Ethics

Computer: 10 Computer Ethics

In the IT world does not matter whose name is the same computer. Computers have become part of life that is inseparable. But in the IT world there are also computer codes or regulations. Here's 10 Commandments of Computer Ethics:

1. Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.
3. Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's files.
4. Thou shalt not use a conputer to steal.
5. Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you have not paid.
7. Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.
8. Thou shalt not use other people's intellectual output.
9. Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.
10. Thou shalt always use a computer in aways that demonstrate consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

Biology : Fotosintesis's process and Steps In Photosynthesis

Biology : Fotosintesis's process and Steps In Photosynthesis

1. PHASE – PHOTOSYNTHESIS PHASE

Process happening photosynthesis kloroplas passes through two phase react, which is:

1. Bright reaction
Happening if available light, let say the sun shines. Up to this phase chlorophyll at deep membrane gana absorbs red and judges light that gets long wave on spectrum light.

Energy is the capturer by chlorophyll is utilized to break down water molecule. This resolving is so-called fotolisis. Fotolisis begets water molecule break down to become hydrogen and oxygen. React fotolisis can be written by equation:


2 H 2 O 2 H 2 + O 2

H 2 one that escapes to be kept all by koenzim NADP. In this case, NADP acts as acceptor h 2 , its form is changed becomes NADPH 2 and o 2 regular in a state free.

NADP (Nikotinamida Adenin dinukleotida is Phosphate) constituting koenzim that important its role in reduction oxidation activity and there are many available in living cell. Up to that process ATP'S resultant.
2. Dark reaction

Blackman (1905) are one expert prove that reduction from CO 2 to CHO happens without light. So dark reaction is called too as blackman's reaction or CO's reduction.
If brightness reaction (Hill) and dark reaction (blackman) at merged therefore reaction it as follows:

Hill:

2 H 2 O 2 NADP H 2 + O 2

Balckman:

CO 2 + 2 NADP H 2 + O 2 2 NADP + H 2 + CO + O + H 2 + O 2

Incorporation :

2 H 2 O + CO CH 2 O + H 2 O + O 2
If this last row is multiplied 6, therefore we will get:
12 H2O + 6 CO2 (CH2O)6 + 6 H2 + 6 O2

B. Andrew and Melvin Calvin (1950) of kalifornia's university interpose CO2pada's fixation processes to take photograph sintesis / assimilation C. cycling assimilation c deep organism fotoautotrof can be figured:
Action darking to constitute CO's depreciation 2 by 2 one that took in by NADP that. In this scene, CO's depreciation 2 don't need light, so that reaction is named dark reaction.

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS ATTEMPT

On its reality each makhuk lives to have many characteristic or basic characters. One of prima facie is living thing need food and issue rest substance. If we cermati more research, that base character leads we to at one particular mechanism which happen in the so called living thing body with metabolite.

Happening metabolite on each living thing type of course it unegual among one by another one. Compiler component dependent that living thing of level seluler until being. In metabolite process happens various chemical reaction gooding to arrange and also describe particular compound. Process that collation is so-called anabolisme, processing dsebut katabolisme's decomposition.

One of metabolite process example (anabolisme) one that often we hear are photosynthesis process. That process happening on botanical gets chlorophyll, correct it on pillared network / palisade and sponge on mesofil leaf / leaf flesh. On cell – palisade's cell or sponge, this process happening in one organella which is kloroplas. As has already been known, this process just happening upon there is sunlights good light and also lamplight, one that essential in light that exists white light that constitutes spectrum light of mejikuhibiniu light (jingga's red yellows appraising blue green purple). Besides sunlight, photosynthesis process also need carbon dioxide and water.

On this photosynthesis process will be resulted two compounds which is glucoses and oxygen. To know glucose content actually gets dikeahui with experimental Sact be to know oxygen content can be known by use of rib which smolder as on Ingenhouz's attempt. But then on this chance, one that we will see are not its content, but then that process speed if given by conduct that variably – difference relates temperature, light intensity, and available carbon dioxide rate.

3. FOTOSISTEM

• Fotosistem constitutes light compiler unit of tilakoid's membrane.
• Each fotosistem as complex as of protein and danjenis's protein type another molecule, including antenna which consisting of umpteen hundred pigment molecules.
• At center reacts this energy move oxidation reduction reaction.
• tereksistasi's electron of center chlorophyll reacts and be a prey to by the so called special molecule primary electron acceptor.

• Center reacts chlorophyll at oxidation with a loss electron via primary electron acceptor reduction
• Available fotosistem i. and II.
I. Fotosistem
Center chlorophyll reacts to be known by P700 because gets to catch light with wavelength 700 nm.
Fotosistem II.
Center chlorophyll reacts to be called by P680 because its absorption spectrum have top on 680 nm

4. PLANT C 3, C - 4, C AM

• Plant c 3
C3's plant
in C3's photosynthesis in contrast to C4,on C3 decarbonizes dioxida input goes to cycle
calvin directly. kloroplas's structure on C3's plant homogeneous. C3's plant
have a role is of important in metabolite, C3's plant has
low fotorespirasi ability because they don't require energy for
previous fixation. Plant C3 can lose 20 % carbon in calvin's cycle
since radiation, this plant included one of group phylogenik. Base concept reacts
no moon Calvin's cycle photosynthesis (C3) are as follows:
CO2 tied-up by RUDP hereafter is revamped as organic compound C6 that
unstable one on eventually being revamped as glucose by use of 18ATP
and 12 NADPH.Siklus this happens deep kloroplas on sectioned stroma. To
result one glucose molecule is required 6 C3's cycles.
Constitute one of alternative to settle light intensity that over
high.
naungan's application is done on agronomy that generally comprises
C3's group and also deep pembibitan's phase
On phase stocks down, all plant genus doesn't bate IC heaving full, need 30 40%, settled
with naungan
On C3's agglomerate plant, naungan not only being required on phase just stock down,
but along plant life cycle
Even with gets plant age adult, naungan's intensity gets
reduced
Naungan besides needful to reduce light intensity that gets to
subject plant, also been utilized as one of operation method
weeds
Under patron, clean slate of weeds preferably herbage
Progressively restrains from patron, weeds sprout gets quick
Compensation dot weeds herbage can be determined equal to IC on bounds
beginning available growth weeds
Growing plant at place with IC overbids from compensation dot (before
reached by saturation point), usufruct enough photosynthesis for respirasi and its rest for
growth
naungan's application impact to micro climate

Reducing IC around as big as 30 40%
Reducing airflow at surrounding coronet
Air humidity at surrounding stable more coronet (60 - 70%)
Reducing evapotranspirasi's runaway speed
Balance happening among availibility of water with level transpirasi plant
C.

• Plant c 4
C4 Meminimalkan's plant fotorespirasi's need by merges CO 2 into compound four carbons at mesofil's cell. Compound four that carbon is exported for cell to bind adit, where is detached CO2 one is utilized in Calvin's cycle.
Leaf anatomy c 4 and bands c 4:

• Plant c AM
Opening nocturnal stomatanya, merging CO 2 into organic's acid. Up to daytime, stomata is closed. CO 2 escaped from acid organic to be utilized deep Calvin's cycle.
Band c AM alike with C4's band

5. FACTOR THAT REGARDS PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. Light intensity
Maximum photosynthesis runaway speed while there are many light. 

2. Carbon dioxide concentration
More and more carbon dioxide in midair, becoming a lot of total materials that dapt
utilized by plant to pass off photosynthesis. 

3. Temperature
Working enzyme in photosynthesis process just gets is conected with temperature
it is optimal. Generally fast fotosintensis increases along with at the height
temperature until enzyme tolerance bounds. 

4. Water rate
Lack for water or aridity causes stomata close, constrain
carbon dioxide absorption so reduces photosynthesis runaway speed. 

5. fotosintat's rate (photosynthesis result)
If fotosintat's rate as carbohydrate of dwindling, photosynthesis runaway speed will ascend.
If fotosintat's rate increases or even until saturated, photosynthesis runaway speed will
dwindling.
Growth phase 

Research points out that photosynthesis runaway speed much higher on plant
one that be germinates to weigh adult plant. It may because of
plant germinates to more require a lot of energy and food for growing.

News : "Whistleblower" Media Scandal Killed

News : "Whistleblower" Media Scandal Killed

Sean Hoare, a former show-business journalist News of the World who became one of the first reporter who has accused Andy Coulson know the phone tapping by the members of his staff, was found dead. Coulson is a former editor of News of the World and had become director of communications for Prime Minister David Cameron.

Hoare, who worked for The Sun and News of the World with Coulson before being fired due to tangled problems alcohol and drugs, was found dead at his home in Watford. Hertfordshire Police did not confirm his identity, but said in a statement, "At 10:40 today (Monday, July 18), police were called to Langley Road, Watford, following concerns about the condition of a man who lived at an address in the street. After police and ambulances arrived at the address, a corpse was found. The man was pronounced dead shortly afterwards at the scene. (Because) the death was temporarily not be explained but is not considered suspicious. Police investigation of the incident is underway. "

The Guardian reported, Hoare has recently suffered a nose injury and a leg in an accident. It is unclear whether the injury was related to his death.

Hoare openly accuses the News of the World has tapped the phone and use a "pinging", a method for tracking a cell phone someone using that technology should only police and security officials who can access it, reports the New York Times. Hoare was one of several sources who allowed his name when talking to the Times last year to an investigative report about the alleged phone tapping by the British tabloid News of tea Wolrd it.

He specifically he accused Andy Coulson, former editor of News of the World, has made a mistake. Hoare Times describes as a former "close friend Coulson."

"The two men first worked together on The Sun, where, Hoare said, he was tapped to play a recording that Coulson," wrote the Times in a report last September. "In the News of the World, said Hoare, he continues to inform Coulson about the hunt. 'Coulson actively encouraged me to do that (interception), "Hoare said," reported the Times.

The report added, Hoare said he was "fired in the period when he was struggling to overcome the problem of drugs and alcohol. He said he now reveals the scandal involving him, which include burglary messages belong to celebrities like David and Victoria Beckham, because it is not fair for the media like News of the World to blame just "a reporter who covered the royal family".

"Coulson declined to comment on the article but said that he was unaware of the wiretapping," the report said. Coulson worked for Cameron until the police launched a new investigation about the phone tapping it in January. Coulson then resigned with a still professed his innocence. But he said he had become a nuisance to the Prime Minister.

Last week, the Times reported that Hoare also explains the "pinging" that made the newspaper. "Pinging" is a term to search for someone using a cell phone number, something that only law enforcement and security forces are allowed to do so, reports the Times. Hoare said that when he worked there, 'pinging' cost almost 500 dollars for every occasion, "reports the Times.

A former editor at the News of the World, who refused to be named, confirmed Hoare, reports the Times. The newspaper, quoting two former journalist News of the World reported, people in the police have been bribed to use the technology in determining the location of the person.

The Guardian also spoke with Hoare last week. He told the newspaper that, "nonsense" if Coulson pleaded not aware of 'pinging'. He asserted, "the chain of command is one of absolute discipline" in the News of the World.

According to the Guardian, Hoare repeatedly expressed the hope that the disclosure of wiretapping scandal that could clean up journalism. He said he had decided to 'blow the whistle' about the activities of several former colleagues at the News of the Wolrd with that purpose, clear of the practice reprehensible journalism, the Guardian reported on Monday.

Still according to the Guardian, Hoare insisted that he did not get the money from the story of the scandal.

Conspiracy : Zionist protocols

Conspiracy : Zionist protocols

Here are presented the Zionist Protocol version Amshell Mayer Rothschild who arranged in 1773 in Judenstrasse, Frankfurt, Germany. This protocol consists of 25 items, which then unfolded in the Zionist Conference I in 1897 in Switzerland.

1. Man is more inclined to evil than good. Therefore, the conspiracy must realize the 'natural desire' of this man. This will apply to the system of government and power. Is not the first time humans are subject to ever issue a ruling without criticism or dissent? The law is simply a tool to limit the people, not for rulers.

2. Utopian real political freedom. Even so, the conspiracy must propagate this to the middle of the people. If it's already eaten the people, then people will easily give away all the rights and facilities which have found the ruler of the utopian ideals to strive for it. When it is, conspiracy to seize their rights and facilities.

3. Power of money can always conquer all. Religion can control the people in the past, are now beginning to be rolled up in a campaign of freedom. Yet many people do not know what to do with that freedom. This is the task of conspiracy to fill it for the sake of power, the power of money.

4. For the purpose, all means should be done. Anyone who wants power, he must necessarily reach it with cunning, blackmail, and the reversal of opinion. Virtue, ethics, morals, and so is ugliness in the world of politics.

5. Truth is power conspiracy. With strength, all that is desired to be accomplished.

6. For those of us who want to conquer the world financially, we must keep confidentiality. At one point, the power of conspiracy will reach a level where there are no other forces that dare to hinder or destroy it.

7. Any carelessness from the inside, will destroy a great program that was written centuries by the Jewish priests.

8. Sympathy of the people must be taken so they can be harnessed for the benefit of the conspiracy. The masses are blind and easily influenced. Authorities will not be able to lead the people unless he serves as dictators. This is the only way.

9. Some means to achieve the objectives are: Booze, drugs, destruction of morals, sex, bribes, and so on. It is very important to destroy the moral norms of society. For that, the conspiracy must recruit and educate young workers to be used as a means of achieving that goal.

10. Conspiracy will kindle the flames of war in disguise. Playing on both sides. So the conspiracy will gain great benefits but it remains safe and efficient. People will be hit by worries that make it easier for conspiracy to master it.

11. Conspiracy to intentionally produce a slogan to be 'god' for the people. With that slogan, a descendant of an aristocratic government was in power in France would be torn down. After that, Conspiracy will build a government in accordance with the Conspiracy.

12. War is waged in secret conspiracy to drag its neighbors so that they are trapped in debt. Conspiracies are profiting from this condition.
Government conspiracy formation should be filled with people who are subject to the whims conspiracy. Could not be otherwise.

13. With gold, conspiracy to control world opinion. The Jews who became victims of the same with a thousand non-Jews (Gentiles / Ghoyim) in return.

14. After a successful conspiracy to seize power, then the newly formed government should eradicate the old regime who are considered responsible for the occurrence of all this mess. It will make people believe in the conspiracy so that the new government is the protector and hero in the eyes of them.

15. Created economic crisis will give new rights to the conspiracy, namely the right of owners of capital in determining the direction of power. It would be a derivative of power.

16. Infiltration into the heart of the Freemasons of Europe in order to streamline and mengefisienkannya. Bluemasonry formation will be used as a tool for conspiracy to smooth out its purpose.

17. Conspiracy to burn the spirit of the people up to the level of hysteria. At that time the people will destroy whatever we want, including law and religion. We can easily remove the name of God and the moral of life.

17. War of the streets should be posed to create mass panic. conspiracy will take advantage of the situation.

18. Conspiracy to create a diplomat-diplomats to serve after the war. They will be a political adviser, economics, and finance for the new regime and also at the international level. Thus, the conspiracy could stick nails from behind the scenes.

19. Monopoly of the giant economic activities with the support of owned capital is the main requirement conspiracy to subjugate the world, until there is no single non-Jewish kekutan else could match it. Thus, we can freely play a domestic crisis.

20. Mastery of the natural wealth of the lands of non-Jewish absolutely done.

21. Burst the war and gave him-sell-the deadliest weapon would speed control of a country, which is inhabited by the poor live.

22. A covert regime will emerge after the conspiracy succeeded in carrying out its program.

23. Youth must be mastered and made them as slaves conspiracy by the dissemination of moral decadence and understand that is misleading.

24. Conspiracy to abuse the laws that exist in a country until the country is destroyed therefore.

Related Post :

Conspiracy, yahudi, Conspiracy Zionis